Scientific References
Role of specific micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, National Institutes of Health, USA, NIH Consensus Statement, 2000 March 27-29, 2000:1-36.
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Retinol intake and bone mineral density in the elderly: the Rancho Bernardo Study, Promislow JH, Goodman-Gruen D, Slymen DJ, Barrett-Connor E., Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2002;17(8):1349-1358.
Retinol, supplemental vitamin A and bone status, Sowers MF, Wallace RB., Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1990;43(7):693-699.
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Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture, Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H., New England Journal of Medicine, 2003;348(4):287-294.
Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Giovannucci E, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B. JAMA. 2005;293(18):2257-2264.
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Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(7):669-683.
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Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: a randomized controlled trial. Bischoff HA, Stahelin HB, Dick W, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(2):343-351.
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A higher dose of vitamin d reduces the risk of falls in nursing home residents: a randomized, multiple-dose study. Broe KE, Chen TC, Weinberg J, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Holick MF, Kiel DP. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(2):234-239.
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Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Jahnsen J, Falch JA, Mowinckel P, Aadland E. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002;37(2):192-199.
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The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy amongst women with osteoporosis: an international epidemiological investigation. Lips P, Hosking D, Lippuner K, et al. J Intern Med. 2006;260(3):245-254.
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Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Lips P. Endocr Rev. 2001;22(4):477-501.
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Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: a prospective study among postmenopausal women. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(2):504-511.
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Rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to one of two dosages of vitamin D. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE, Falconer G, Green CL. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61(5):1140-1145.
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Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(10):670-676.
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Effect of withdrawal of calcium and vitamin D supplements on bone mass in elderly men and women. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(3):745-750.
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Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for three years on hip fractures in elderly women. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. BMJ. 1994;308(6936):1081-1082.
Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. Effect BMJ. 2003;326(7387):469-474.
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Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, Bezemer PD, Bouter LM. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(4):400-406.
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Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Grant AM, Avenell A, Campbell MK, et al. Lancet. 2005;365(9471):1621-1628.
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